No one knows where mathematics comes from. How miraculously it comes to possess our thoughts at the highest level, in their rational components. How does she manage to mediate the dialogue with the phenomena that we consider natural, to which we can now ask questions and they will answer us, if the questions have proven to be intelligent enough.
Mathematical modeling of physical systems is the origin of the approach to all other modeling techniques. Mathematics, as a meta-language, unifies the trends of practicing modeling descriptions, providing rigorous, axiomatic and complete support, at least insofar as it proves to be the only way to emulate any known physical phenomenon.
We can understand nature only to the extent that we create reasonably accurate models to capture the details that interest us. And the tool with which we do this is mathematics.
We can anticipate acts that will unfold in the future only, and only, through the power of mathematics. No other type of approach will succeed in achieving anything similar.
Where does all this power come from? What is mathematics actually? Was it discovered or invented? How does it lend itself so well to describing nature?
Questions can continue indefinitely. But it is not the answers to them that are really important, but the other questions. The ones that haven't been put yet.